俄罗斯为何要建设北极丝绸之路-pg电子麻将胡了
why russia is building an arctic silk road译文简介
一个巨大的地缘政治优势是，没有其他外国势力可以像控制地中海或印度洋那样控制这条航线。这不仅改变了俄罗斯的游戏规则，也是中国的生命线。
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a major added bonus for russia is that this route will open up it's main rivers to inland navigation. most of it's rivers flow north, towards the largely inaccessible arctic ocean. throughout most of russia's history this meant a big competitive disadvantage compared to the rest of europe, which is connected to the atlantic ocean, bringing direct shipping routes from major cities to the whole world.
对俄罗斯来说，这条航线的另一个好处是，它将打开主要河流的内河航行。它的大部分河流都流向北方，流向难以进入的北冰洋。在整个历史的大部分时间里，这意味着与欧洲其他国家相比，俄罗斯处于巨大的竞争劣势。欧洲其他国家与大西洋相连，从主要城市直达世界各地。
a great geopolitical advantage is that no other foreign power can control this shipping route just like they can along the mediterranean sea or the indian ocean. not only its a game changer for russia but also a lifeline for china as well.
一个巨大的地缘政治优势是，没有其他外国势力可以像控制地中海或印度洋那样控制这条航线。这不仅改变了俄罗斯的游戏规则，也是中国的生命线。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
i was always fascinated with russian and soviet exploration of the arctic, it seemed just being a passion for adventure, but now suspect they new about the warming centuries ago!!!
我一直着迷于俄罗斯和苏联对北极的探索，这似乎只是一种冒险的热情，但我现在怀疑他们几个世纪前就知道地球要变暖了!!
this was always a long term goal for russia, (and other far north countries) the elusive northwest passage - largely ice packed and difficult to pass through even in summer. while i didn't know this breakthrough had finally occurred, i was aware that it was only a matter of time.
这一直是俄罗斯(和其他极北国家)的长期目标，难以捉摸的西北航道——大部分被冰覆盖，即使在夏天也很难通过。虽然我之前不知道这一突破终于实现了，但我知道这只是时间问题。
the northern sea route along russia's coats opens up every summer and has been used by less ice tolerant ships for over 100 years. ice breakers have got bigger and better since ww2 as well as other technologies for driving through ice, which will give the impression that arctic is melting. also, maximum arctic ice occurs 3 months after the shortest day and minimum ice occurs 3 months after the longest day, which indicates that the polar ice is driven by temperatures from the lower latitudes.
沿着俄罗斯海岸线的北部航线每年夏天都会开通，100多年来一直由不太耐冰的船只使用。自二战以来，破冰船越来越大，越来越好，还有其他穿越冰的技术，这会给人一种北极正在融化的印象。此外，北极的最大冰量出现在最短的一天之后3个月，最小冰量出现在最长的一天之后3个月，表明极地冰是由低纬度的温度驱动的。
it completely blows my mind seeing this level of development. i am shocked at what humans are capable of doing.
看到这样的发展水平，我完全惊呆了。我对人类的能力感到震惊。
another interesting aspect in the development of the russian north is floating nuclear power plants. due to the remoteness of the northern coast from the most populated and industrially developed areas, there are certain problems with electricity supply. and one of the solutions is floating nuclear power plants, which make it possible to deliver a nuclear reactor to a remote place across the sea and supply electricity to tens of thousands of people. one such reactor is already operating in the northernmost city of russia - in pevek.
俄罗斯北部开发的另一个有趣方面是浮动核电站。由于北部沿海地区远离人口密集和工业发达地区，电力供应存在一定问题。其中一个pg电子麻将胡了的解决方案是浮动核电站，它可以将核反应堆送到大洋彼岸的偏远地区，为成千上万的人提供电力。一个这样的反应堆已经在俄罗斯最北部的城市佩韦克运行了。
very interesting topic! i'd like to hear more. could you make an other video centered around the construction of that mega port? including all infrastructures that are needed to support people that will be living there like energy, food, living spaces, etc..
非常有趣的话题!我想听更多。你能不能再做一个关于那个大型港口建设的视频?包括支撑居住在那里的人们所需的所有基础设施，如能源、食物、生活空间等…
the panama canal could be replaced by the north west passage in northern canadian waters as the most important shipping route in the west as well
位于加拿大北部水域的西北航道也可能取代巴拿马运河，成为西方最重要的航运路线
ironically that means that the transport industry will become greener as ships only need to travel a fraction of the distance they do today.
具有讽刺意味的是，这意味着运输业将变得更加环保，因为船只只需航行如今的一小部分距离。
will be interesting to know, russia has plans not only to create the optical cable channel the 'polar express', but to create a bunch of the mega-data centers in north, providing that service for the international data giants, like google or something like it in china, including for own national ones. that can decrease the cost of usage of such data centers dramatically, since more than 50% of electricity/energy consumption in a such datacenter is used for the cooling of the huge server farms! the expensive cooling task will be much simplified in the northern conditions, obviously... the only problem so far is to create a network of new powerplants and electric lines in the areas of northern russia (a huge amount of electricity still required for datacenters anyway), but i do know russia has a lot of plans for doing that, including the mobile sea nuclear plant platforms!
有趣的是，俄罗斯不仅计划创建光缆频道“极地快车”，还计划在北方建立一堆大型数据中心，为国际数据巨头提供服务，比如谷歌或中国的类似公司，包括自己的国家数据巨头。这可以极大地降低数据中心的使用成本，因为在这样的数据中心中，超过50%的电力/能源消耗是用于冷却庞大的服务器群!显然，在北方的条件下，昂贵的冷却任务将大大简化……到目前为止，唯一的问题是在俄罗斯北部地区建立一个新的发电厂和电线网络(无论如何，数据中心仍然需要大量的电力)，但我知道俄罗斯有很多这样做的计划，包括移动海上核电站平台!
a recent prediction is that northern parts of the world are set to warm up.whereby allowing for future agriculture to grow like never before..thus allowing those once formidable artic routes to eventually become busy sea ports..and very valuable geo-politaclly to whomever controls..
最近的一项预测是，北半球将会变暖，从而使未来的农业以前所未有的速度发展，使那些曾经令人生畏的北极航线最终成为繁忙的海港，无论谁控制了都非常有价值。
this is a perfect example of the things that actually changed the course of human history.
direct pragmatic decisions taking advantage of a changing environment.
the short and long-term outcomes of such a project economically environmentally and geopolitical are hard to calculate.
because such large projects generate so much data noise that nuances are easily lost and it's the subtle details of such a project that can accumulate to decide its ultimate success or failure.
the question we should all be asking ourselves is not how this affects the status quo but how it affects the world and its people and what if anything we can or should do about it.
这是一个完美的例子，它改变了人类历史的进程。利用不断变化的环境做出的直接务实决策。
这样一个项目在经济、环境和地缘政治方面的短期和长期结果很难计算。
因为如此大的项目会产生太多的数据噪音，以至于细微的差别很容易被忽略，而这样一个项目的细微细节可以累积起来决定最终的成功或失败。
我们都应该问自己的问题不是这将如何影响现状，而是它如何影响世界和人类，以及我们能做什么或应该做什么。
companies can no longer be afraid for their ships and not hire guards against pirates, which makes this path even more profitable
公司再也不用担心他们的船只，也不用雇佣保安来防范海盗，这使得这条航道更加有利可图
i am a sucker for infrastructure projects tackling harsh nature conditions. adding some extreme engineering and latest technology and i am in heaven :). thank you, amazing video
我非常喜欢应对恶劣自然条件的基础设施项目。上传一些极端的工程和最新的技术，我就像在天堂一样。
i think it's a great idea! the suez canal is the lynch pin of the world's economy (as we've seen the effects of a couple incidents now) and probably shouldn't be solely relied upon to the extent that we do. russia is using the initiative and capitalising on the current climate change; it just happens to be russia and not the u.k. no one would worry if it wasn't any other country but russia/china.
我认为这是个好主意!苏伊士运河是世界经济的关键(正如我们现在看到的几起事件的影响)，也许不应该仅仅依赖于我们所做的。俄罗斯正在利用这一倡议，并利用当前的气候变化；只是碰巧是俄罗斯，而不是英国。如果不是俄罗斯/中国，而是其他国家，没人会担心。
now many countries like us, russia and china just need to get their head out of their butts and start focus on helping each other instead of constantly attacking each other. i feel we are at that age in time where there is no need for war and just be happy with what we got and improve what we have.
现在像美国、俄罗斯和中国这样的许多国家只需要把头从屁股里抬起来，开始专注于互相帮助，而不是不断地互相攻击。我觉得我们正处在一个不需要战争的时代，只需要对我们所拥有的感到高兴，并改善我们所拥有的。
it will still be a long time before people are able to travel across that area without icebreakers maintaining the route. a sheer storm could block many parts and put ships in danger.
在没有破冰船维护这条路线的情况下，人们还需要很长一段时间才能穿越这一地区。一场暴风就可以阻塞很多路段，并将船只置于危险之中。
and russia can defend any area in the arctic; many of belgorod’s (newest submarine) missions are to maintain and defend russia’s extensive developments and a few crewed bases, on the seafloor around northern arctic circle. yes, other nations have paper claims to the seafloor, but russia owns it by virtue of being able to occupy and defend the areas they have claimed. russia also claims and can defend the northern sea routes being cleared of ice, thanks to warming waters there. belgorods in those areas equates to ownership.
俄罗斯可以保卫北极的任何地区，“别尔哥罗德”号(最新潜艇)的许多任务，是维护和保卫俄罗斯在北极圈北部海底的广泛发展和一些人员基地。是的，其他国家对海底有书面声明，但俄罗斯之所以拥有它，是因为他们能够占领和保卫他们声称拥有的地区。由于海水变暖，俄罗斯也声称并有能力保卫清除冰层的北部航道。在那些地区游弋的“贝尔哥罗德”号潜艇等同于所有权。
another excellent video!
a remark on the transit time for containerships from china to rotterdam; cosco shipping's aeu3 service does antwerp-shanghai in 27 days. only containerships that call a lot of ports to and from china will take -48days.
中国至鹿特丹集装箱船在途时间的探讨；中远海运的aeu3航线从安特卫普到上海只需27天。只有往返中国的集装箱船需要48天左右。
i´d like to get your thoughts on two issues i see: as the world is (or has to) weaning of fossil fuels, how does that impact the russian arctic development plans? further: russia has for decades dumped nuclear waste (civil and military) in northern siberia (namely the island of novaya zemlya but on the mainland as well) how would that affect the russian arctic development plans? looking forward to your 2p :)
我想听听你对我看到的两个问题的看法:随着世界正在(或不得不)放弃化石燃料，这对俄罗斯的北极开发计划有什么影响?此外，俄罗斯几十年来一直在西伯利亚北部(即新地岛，但也在大陆)倾倒核废料(民用和军用)，这将如何影响俄罗斯的北极开发计划?期待你的回应。
this is real infrastructure development, not just maintaining but modernising ports, expanding airports, railways, new roads and exploiting new resources for the benefit of all
这是真正的基础设施建设，不仅要维护港口，还要实现港口现代化，扩建机场、铁路、新公路，开发新资源，造福所有人。
the thawing of the permafrost in northern countries such as russia, finland, norway, canada, us, denmark, etc., actually releases more ghg to the atmosphere than anything else. this creates a climate change feedback loop. if the arctic sea route shortens the the trade route to and from asia and europe, maybe it's a good thing.
在俄罗斯、芬兰、挪威、加拿大、美国、丹麦等北方国家，永久冻土的融化实际上向大气中释放的温室气体比其他任何东西都要多。这就形成了一个气候变化反馈循环。如果北极航线缩短了进出亚洲和欧洲的贸易路线，也许这是一件好事。
canada - the far north = we are one of the richest countries in the world when it comes to natural resources , but in the far north there are only a few roads and no railways. alberta with the help from uncle sam was looking to build a railway up north and then over to the yukon and alaska.hudson's bay could also be used as a super port as super highways are planned running from the gulf of mexico up through middle america to hudson's bay . new leadership is needed to make this dream reality !
加拿大——极北地区:就自然资源而言，我们是世界上最富有的国家之一，但在极北地区，只有几条公路，没有铁路。在山姆大叔的帮助下，阿尔伯塔省打算修一条铁路向北，然后通到育空（加拿大西北部地区）和阿拉斯加。哈德逊湾也可以作为一个超级港口，因为超级高速公路计划从墨西哥湾穿过美国中部到哈德逊湾。我们需要新的领导人来实现这个梦想!
additionally to another comment: russia has no ports that are available all year round, which historically has led rusdia try to expand to the south. so opening up a huge route through the arctic might bring more peace along russia' southern borders.
此外，还有另一个评论:俄罗斯没有全年可用的港口，这在历史上导致俄罗斯试图向南方扩张。因此，开辟一条穿越北极的巨大通道可能会给俄罗斯南部边境带来更多和平。
canada should construct a competing series of ports throughout its arctic territories in nunavut and the northwest territories.
加拿大应该在其北极地区努纳武特和西北地区建设一系列具有竞争力的港口。
this is a geopolitical game changer.
这是地缘政治游戏规则的改变者。
russia will grow enormously if this succeeds
so many jobs and they're basically making the upper north of the country heavily habited and modernized.
如果这条航线开辟成功，俄罗斯将大幅增长。
如此多的工作岗位，他们基本上是在让这个国家的上北部人口密集起来和现代化。
the "manhattan" was the first commercial vessel to transit the the northern polar passage . i am hazy on the year , but it must have been in the late 60's or early 70's .
“曼哈顿”号是第一艘通过北极通道的商船。我记不清年份了，但应该是在60年代末或70年代初。
the most impressive thing russia has been building for the past ten years is the constant renovation and investment into countless cities. that includes transformation of moscow. new metro lines and rail lines, new parks and new housing. every city across the country has enjoyed renewal and construction continues to refresh the nation. do a video on new moscow district.
俄罗斯在过去十年中最令人印象深刻的事情是对无数城市的不断改造和投资。这包括莫斯科的转型。新的地铁线路和铁路线，新的公园和新的住房。全国各地的每座城市都在享受着更新，建设也在继续刷新着这个国家。做一个关于新莫斯科区的视频。
fascinating, informative video regarding this project. no doubt it's a shipping game changer, and an infrastructural marvel. quite the undertaking.
i must applaud the russians in moving to develop the northern regions of their vast nation, and make them productive.
admittedly, i am however concerned about it all from every angle imaginable.
thanks again for your work here, and i'll look forward to more from you regarding this project.
毫无疑问，这是航运游戏规则的改变者，也是基础设施的奇迹。相当艰巨的任务。
我必须为俄罗斯人发展他们广袤国家的北部地区，并使其富有生产力而鼓掌。
不可否认，我从每一个可以想象到的角度都在关注这一切。
breaking through frozen ice is very challenging. that’s why they are looking to fight for territory for a better route avoiding the ice waters. remember the titanic.
冲破冰冻的冰层是非常具有挑战性的。这就是为什么他们在寻找一条避开冰水的更好的路线来争夺领土。还记得泰坦尼克号吗?
russia's spent 200 years trying to get a warm water port and now global warming is giving them several
俄罗斯花了200多年的时间试图获得一个不冻港，现在全球变暖给了他们几个。
can you do a video about the "istmo de tehuantepec" program in mexico. currently under construction, this would be an alternative route to the panama canal. moving cargo from the pacific to the atlantic ocean would take 10hrs by train instead of 10 days by boat on the canal...
你能做一个关于墨西哥“特万特佩克”项目的视频吗?目前正在建设中，这将是通往巴拿马运河的另一条路线。从太平洋运输货物到大西洋只需要10个小时的火车，而不是在运河上坐船10天…
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
this will be beautiful once built. the global economy will benefit tremendously from a route like this and an stronger, economically developed enough to open up russia.
一旦建成就会很漂亮。全球经济将从这样的路线和一个更强大、经济发达到足以开放的俄罗斯中获得巨大利益。
great job of detail! i hope this happens, it greener and economically sensible. don't worry to much about co2 emissions as the world is going into recession so less co2 will be produced overall.
细节做得好!我希望这能实现，更环保，更经济。不要太担心二氧化碳的排放，因为世界正在陷入衰退，所以总的来说二氧化碳的排放量会减少。
i find it sad how other countries are able to do massive infrastructure projects to increase economic output in the country while the usa is a bungled mess where we cant even pass laws to build a traffic sign
我觉得很悲哀，为什么其他国家能够进行大规模的基础设施项目来增加国家的经济产出，而美国却是一团糟，我们甚至不能通过建造交通标志的法律。
the russian landscape is a beautiful thing and the size is amazing.
俄罗斯的风景很美，面积也很惊人。
i wish russia spent more time and funds on engineering projects like this that will allow it to unlock further growth of the economy, rather than military expansion. i know focussing on oil exports is far from ideal, but i imagine this will also unlock non-oil related trade routes. this project is of an astounding scale.
我希望俄罗斯花更多的时间和资金在这样的工程项目上，这将使它能够开启经济的进一步增长，而不是军事扩张。我知道专注于石油出口远远不够理想，但我认为这也将开启非石油相关的贸易路线。这项工程规模惊人。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
the only thing different between now and the 1970s when we first ran ships through the arctic is the vessels we had to custom build them to get through there in those days now they have fleets easily capable of doing it
现在和20世纪70年代我们第一次在北极航行时唯一不同的是，当时我们必须定制船只才能通过那里，现在他们的船队很容易就能通过。
you guys should talk about canada’s route as well. this new route though has huge geopolitical implications. if america and canada and denmark (greenland) want to remain competitive they need to invest more in the arctic to compete with russia both economically and defense wise
你们也应该谈谈加拿大的路线。然而，这条新路线具有巨大的地缘政治影响。如果美国、加拿大和丹麦(格陵兰)想要保持竞争力，他们需要在北极投资更多，在经济和国防方面与俄罗斯竞争。
one thing we need to do is move water from the ocean back inland to places we need it and if we can do that while generating clean energy we have a chance to mitigate climate change and still have a prosperous future. it is really, really hard but it is not impossible.
the biggest idea i am trying to express is tunneling aqueducts from the coast, in this case the west coast of the usa inland to feed combination geothermal power and sea water desalination plants. the idea seems to be so big that no one has considered it possible but i believe it is not only possible but it is necessary. for over a century the fossil water contained in aquifers has been pumped out to feed agriculture, industry and municipal water needs. the natural water cycle cant refill fossil water deposits that were filled 10,000 years ago when the glaciers melted after the last ice age.
without refilling these aquifers there is not much of a future for the region of the united states. as a result ground levels in some areas of the san joaquin valley have subsided by more than 30 feet. similar fossil water depletion is happening in other regions all around the world. tbm and tunneling technology has matured and further developments in the industry are poised to speed up the tunneling process and it's these tunnels that are the only way to move large volumes of water from the ocean inland. the water is moved inland to areas where it can be desalinated in geothermal plants producing clean water and power. in many cases the water will recharge surface reservoirs where it will be used first to make more hydro power before being released into rivers and canal systems.
我们需要做的一件事是把水从海洋运回内陆，送到我们需要的地方。如果我们能在生产清洁能源的同时做到这一点，我们就有机会减缓气候变化，并拥有一个繁荣的未来。这真的很难，但也不是不可能。
我想表达的最重要的想法是从海岸挖隧道引水渠，假若这样，美国西海岸内陆为地热发电和海水淡化厂提供能源。这个想法似乎太大了，以至于没有人认为可能实现，但我相信这不仅可能，而且是必要的。一个多世纪以来，含水层中的矿物水被抽出来满足农业、工业和市政用水需求。自然水循环无法补充一万年前上一个冰河时代之后冰川融化时形成的矿物水。
如果不重新填满这些含水层，美国地区的未来就没有多大希望。结果是圣华金河谷部分地区的地面水位下降了30多英尺。类似的矿物水枯竭正在世界其他地区发生。隧道掘进机和隧道技术已经成熟，该行业的进一步发展将加快隧道挖掘过程，而这些隧道是将大量水从海洋输送到内陆的唯一途径。这些水被输送到内陆地区，在那里可以在地热发电厂进行淡化，产生清洁的水和电力。在许多情况下，这些水将被补充到地表水库，在释放到河流和运河系统之前，这些水将首先更多用于水力发电。
northern sea route will become the most viable, cost effective and safest transport corridor between asia and europe in the nearest future.
在不久的将来，北海航线将成为亚洲和欧洲之间最可行、最具成本效益和最安全的运输走廊。
the best part of this, is that hopefully we'll use the practice of the sheer size of this development to one day transfer it to the moon, titan and beyond...
最好的部分是，希望我们能利用这一开发规模的实践，有一天能把它转移到月球、土卫六和其他地方……
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
people who will say that this will be a dead project because no one will use oil in 20 years let me tell you oil is not just needed for vehicles and electricity it is a crucial material in production of many goods so this project will be nothing but a boon to russia
有人会说这将是一个失败的项目，因为20年后没有人会使用石油，让我告诉你，石油不仅仅是汽车和电力所需要的，它是生产许多商品的关键材料，因此，这个项目对俄罗斯来说将是一个福音。
原创翻译：龙腾网 http://www.ltaaa.cn 转载请注明出处
what will the environmental impact be on the local ecosystem and how can they be mitigated?
对当地生态系统的环境影响是什么?如何减轻影响?
as a cadet i used to work on container ships, once i almost died nearby wladiwostok. on the one hand side, i am excited about the short connection. on the other hand side, i am worried about the bad conditions the sailor will face even more north....
作为一名学员，我曾在集装箱船上工作，有一次我差点死在瓦拉迪沃斯托克附近。一方面，我对这种短暂的联系感到兴奋。另一方面，我担心水手们将面临更北的恶劣条件……
after seen this type of info, have a better understanding about the reasons why us is so nervous about russian development in the economy row.
看了这类信息后，就能更好地理解为什么美国对俄罗斯在经济方面的发展如此紧张。
this path isn't cutting the time from the asian markets to the european markets. its cutting time from the oil markets to the major industrial markets and providing alternatives to the bottleneck straights of eurasia and africa, as well as the suez canal. the route is mostly only logical as an energy and primary resources route i believe, but then why not just build pipelines?
这条路线并没有缩短从亚洲市场到欧洲市场的时间。它缩短了从石油市场到主要工业市场的时间，并为欧亚大陆和非洲的瓶颈直道以及苏伊士运河提供了替代方案。我认为，这条路线是唯一符合逻辑的能源和主要资源路线，但为什么不直接建造管道呢?
it’s amazing how these countries think and plan for the future. the us can barely plan for tomorrow. where are our massive projects for the future? all we seem to do is repave roads every few years and patch bridges.
这些国家对未来的思考和规划令人惊讶。美国几乎无法为明天做计划。我们未来的大型项目在哪里?我们所做的一切似乎就是每隔几年重铺道路和修补桥梁。
good for russia to develop it's north and far east areas
有利于俄罗斯发展北部和远东地区
if this project turns out to be successful russia's prowess will reach an all time high.
如果该项目成功，俄罗斯的实力将达到历史最高水平。
this gets my imagination going. interesting to see where this leads.
这激发了我的想象力。有趣的是这将导致什么结果。
yes, russia might be a big emitter but so we have huge forrest that absorb more co2 than we emit. in fact, russia sells those emission quotes to other states, as far as i remember. while other countries have cut down their forests without any thought for climate change. at least, we do not do fracking when developing gas/oil and we do not develop oil sands like in canada which is pure disaster for the nature. i guess figures like gretta are in the west because you really messed up your ecology to the point when it is a big issue in everyday life. lol
是的，俄罗斯可能是一个排放大国，但我们有巨大的森林，吸收的二氧化碳比排放的多。事实上，据我所知，俄罗斯把这些排放报价卖给了其他国家。而其他国家在没有考虑到气候变化的情况下砍伐森林。至少，我们在开发天然气/石油时不使用水力压裂法，我们也不像加拿大那样开发油砂，这对自然来说是纯粹的灾难。我猜像格蕾塔这样的人都在西方，因为当它成为日常生活中的一个大问题时，你们就真的把自己的生态搞砸了。